Larry Glaser's letter to the WSJ - February 18, 2000
 

   Dear Aaron,

   My family and I watch "The Prince of Egypt" from time to time, in fascination. It is an amazing story to
   see acted out. It is our maker, delivering a people from a way of life which does not promote family or the
   values that truly matter. A life of slavery, above all other values is not acceptable. Humans are slaves to
   disease and have been since our beginning. When disease strikes, a family can lose the very thing that
   holds it together. This can and will change. Somewhere in the ancient texts it is written that our maker
   “helps him who helps himself”. I have always taken this to mean that you can only get out what you put in
   and that true discovery and creation, is not come upon by chance, but by hard work and dedication.

   ENZO is a part of the change that will make these things come to pass. I will prove it to you. Would it
   surprise you for me to say that there is much more to know than your article uncovered?

   I have created a web site called HTTP://WWW.CLUBS.YAHOO.COM/CLUBS/ENZOAPPRECIATION

   My purpose was to provide, in open forum, a diary of my thoughts. If someone complained or pointed out
   deficiencies, I left them there. This adds credibility. There are over 140 viewers and many more will come.
   So far, my "take" holds true. I have it right. The test of time and thought will continue to forge a better
   understanding of what ENZO has. It really is the holy grail for a better type of disease management. But
   be skeptical, it is essential that you not believe until all of the truths force you to concede.

   Can you take the time to read from 0001? Many posts are easily skipped and I think it is about 1 hour of
   reading. ENZO has done much more than people realize, including the information they have shared in
   public forum. People simply cannot interpret the information. And remember this well, if what ENZO is
   working on succeeds completely, Sven and his selected bios go the way of the dinosaur. Just remember
   that and always keep it in mind.

   If you cannot invest so much time, here are the facts. These are not insider tips, they are facts. If you
   doubt them, even in slightest, you can always call Mr. Barry Weiner, President of ENZO and pointedly
   ask (212) 583-0100. I think you are going to be surprised at what ENZO has done. It is not too far off from
   parting the Red Sea, if you can simply put your mind into focus upon the true issue here. Thus my
   reference to "The Prince of Egypt" is perhaps appropriate.

   The meaning of life, from my point of view, seems to amount to the struggle to understand. It is the
   struggle and the discovery of truth that makes us unique. It defines us.

   ENZO Biochem started out by envisioning the tools that would be necessary to alter the contents of a
   Chromosome, specifically "genes". It is no simple matter. Wall Street seems to think that it is. Wall
   Street has begun the frantic valuation of many companies, specifically, CRA, GLGC, AFFX etc.. and
   deservedly so. They could find a gene that stops a cancer and obtain a patent for it. But how will they
   effect the gene?

   CRA, AFFX, GLGC, etc... have skyrocketed. ENZO has not done too badly, but when Wall Street figures
   out the truth, I think ENZO will dwarf the others. Wall Street does not understand that CRA, AFFX, GLGC,
   etc... are not competitors, they are different. ENZO does not seek genetic targets that may be useful in
   combating disease. On the contrary, they seek the tools and systems to effectively alter cells, without
   changing anything essential. As simple as it sounds, it is not. ENZO also developed the tools and
   systems for discovering genetic targets and determining their absolute specificity, with 100% accuracy.
   AFFX shares this technology, under an agreement between the two. But ENZO owns the key Patents,
   not AFFX.

   I do not use the term 100% lightly, but in genetics, you have to understand that the function of a gene is
   to be 100% accurate, until it fails or is impaired or damaged.

   ENZO started its experiments with delivery, long before most of its competitors even existed. ENZO was
   the first Biotechnology company to go public, in 1980. Of course, ENZO's history is available at
   HTTP://www.ENZO.COM. Additionally, a quick visit to HTTP://www.PATENTS.IBM.COM will quickly
   deliver ENZO's Patents to your screen. Use the advanced text search engine and input ENZO Biochem
   into the "assignee" field. Also ENZO Diagnostics and ENZO Therapeutics are registered tradenames and
   they will find additional Patents. Lastly, you have to ask to receive a special list of Patents, not in ENZO's
   name at all, but exclusively licensed to ENZO. These are typically the property of a University. ENZO can
   guide you to these, if a comprehensive study is to be made. Consistently, you will see that ENZO
   develops molecular tools and systems, to approach the problem of managing the nucleus of a living cell.
   Knowing all of this, here is what ENZO has already done:

   *Developed a system for placing genes into cells which reaches 100% of the cells targeted, 100% of the
   time. Once inside the cell, the secondary effect, reaching the nucleus, is also 100%. Remember, a cell
   has a permeable membrane. If water and salt can pass, and certain essentials (proteins, carbohydrates,
   etc.) can pass to make the cell viable, a perfect delivery system can also pass, 100% of the time.
   ENZO's does. This explains why 100% is in fact, achievable. HGTV (Human Gene Transfer Vector) is
   targeted to human "HSC's" or "Hematopoietic Stem Cells" which are the true seedlings that give rise to all
   blood system components. ENZO has tested this product for years, at Cornell and now in living human
   patients. Dr. Dean Engelhardt made the achievement of 100% entry into these cells, perfectly clear at the
   Annual Shareholder's Meeting, yet, the press missed it. It will prove to be critical, going forward.
   Development of systems to deliver genes to whole organs will be even more challenging, yet, ENZO
   announced way back in 1998, it had filed for a Patent to protect a system it had discovered which would
   do precisely what is aforementioned. Deliver genes to 100% of the cells comprising a human organ, in a
   human Patient. 100% is a daunting number, yet, 100% of your body came from only one pair of
   molecules. Give genetics its due, it can be done and it will be done, by man. In fact, I believe ENZO has
   done, even this miraculous feat. So lets end this bullet by stating that ENZO has developed a system that
   can reach 100% of the human cells presented to that system. It is not a rumor, it is a FACT. No other
   company in the world has ever reported anything near to what ENZO has already done. It will prove
   essential to the future of gene therapy and the Patents may well prove to shut out competition for a great
   many years. If it was easy, surely someone else would at least announce that they were working on this
   specific achievement, as a goal. Yet, as you search the world, you will not find it.

   *ENZO Biochem understands the immune system in higher organisms. It cannot be tricked or fooled
   easily. From birth, creatures great and small which contain an immune system, commence life with an
   immature immune system. Each threat that the immune system detects causes a reaction. The reaction
   is not only one of attack and destroy, it is also a reaction having to do with identification, like bees in a
   hive, detecting each other, from a non-member. When one foreign threat is detected, a baton like
   molecule is instantaneously passed between the immune cells, to mount an attack on the threat.
   Remember this, because it will come up again. The immune system in a human being is so swift, as an
   example, a person with Asthma can die in minutes, simply because they come into contact with a
   pathogen. It is an over-reaction of the immune system that can cause death, as in the aforementioned
   example. HGTV is completely immunosilent. This feature is unique to ENZO. No other company in the
   world has even boasted of attempting to find an immunosilent vector. ENZO considered this to be a raw
   essential. This explains why ENZO cells survive. In your article, you make it sound like no one knows
   how long these cells will last. This is understandable, because the analysts you cite, have not read the
   entirety of ENZO's available information. They do not want to, and you will see why. At Cornell, under Dr.
   Laurence, ENZO did preclinical studies. The cells lasted YEARS, and to this day, still perform their
   functions. This has been 5 years. The current human trials are well over 1 year old. ENZO has been
   observing the effect in living patients far longer than 4 months and in more than 1 or 2 patients. The
   conference ENZO attended IS NOT A FORUM FOR PROVING MORE THAN YOUR ABSTRACTS SAYS
   YOU ARE THERE TO PROVE. The attendees are Dr's with standard practices, not research scientists,
   for the most part. The 7th annual Retrovirus Conference has been twisted into an FDA review like
   atmosphere. ENZO's abstract was intended to show only that the cells has been created, placed into a
   human patient and provoked no undesirable reaction. Additionally, they had survived. That is it, that is all.
   The abstract ENZO presented did not say THIS IS AN HIV THERAPY THAT WORKS. They were not
   there to present that specific novelty. They are currently awaiting FDA review of that specific question and
   they have made this abundantly clear in their press releases. Certain evil people try to change the context
   of the conference, ENZO's presence there and the crystal clear Poster ENZO presented. Everyone who
   competes with ENZO (such as antiviral developers) are significantly threatened by ENZO. So much so,
   they face overnight extinction. See through this and expect their worst. And of course, ask Barry. He
   knows I am right. ENZO presented its unique approach to creating a lasting, altered human cell. It lasts
   as long as an untreated cell. No more, no less. It is fashioned from each person's unique cells, so it will
   be accepted. It is a custom gene therapy model, made uniquely for each person, from their blood cells.

   *Targeting a gene and regulating it is not an easy task. No one has ever succeeded in doing this. But 2
   years ago, ENZO announced that it had in fact, changed the genes in the nucleus of a living human blood
   cell. The change was made, packaged inside of a copy of some existing genes. The packaging was so
   unique, several innovations arose. The first and second bullets, above, expand on the first two discoveries.
   Here is the key. Inserting genes into the nucleus of a cell is not enough. Even if you accomplish all of the
   things I set forth, you still will not succeed. The placement of genes, inside of a living human cell, matters
   greatly. It seems, ENZO did their own mapping of the human genome and discovered some shortcuts to
   specific areas they call "maintenance functions". One such area is labeled U-1. As simple as it
   sounds..."we placed the genes at U-1 and inserted the package" this accomplishment was ENZO's most
   difficult and arduous discovery. It took years and years. Dr. Rabbani (ENZO’s founder and Chairman)
   described researchers working late hours, weekends and holidays to find this wonder. ENZO had a
   daycare center put in, so the researchers could work the longer hours. Know that ENZO suffered long and
   hard to find this miracle. When genes are placed within this maintenance shell, they transcribe properly. It
   is absolutely essential, because they maintain immunosilense, as well. ENZO can change the contents
   of the nucleus of a living human cell and not disrupt the other functions of that cell. They will not provoke
   an immune reaction and the cell survives. The gene transcribes, making the output predictable and viable.
   Without this function, the rest is a waste of time. So now you see a one, two three punch. Three things
   the competitor has not only failed to achieve, they do not even recognize the necessity. Visit their
   homepages as I did. Read their Patents. They do not get it. But ENZO gets it. And there is more.

   *genes are not exactly "targeted" directly. ENZO has pioneered a specific system called "genetic
   antisense". Genetic Antisense allows one to create genes which do not occur in nature. Although I say
   "do not occur in nature" genetic antisense does occur in nature. But the genes ENZO seeks to regulate
   are the active ones. Thus, nature typically does not provide an antisense gene to regulate a working gene,
   or it would not express and function. nature seems to deploy antisense genes to partially down regulate
   other genes, or to turn them off according to a biological clock. Perhaps puberty is one function of a
   human that is antisense regulated. These antisense genes will produce a product, keyed to the target
   gene's product. As such, the target gene produces highly specific "YING" and the antisense gene
   produces highly specific "YANG". YING and YANG cancel out, perfectly. So perfectly in fact, that the
   target gene is shut down completely. 100% (There is that number again) Genetic Antisense is a field,
   unto itself. ENZO holds the key Patent to this innovation. ENZO has harnessed all of the aforementioned
   technology to deliver what I am about to explain, in detail. Watch how the 4 innovations work together to
   accomplish a miracle.

   *7 years ago, Enzo took a living human blood cell and inserted 3 specific antisense genes inside. They
   used HGTV to insert these genes. They used U-1 to trick the nucleus of the cell into manufacturing the
   byproduct of these antisense genes, without disrupting the cell's normal function. During the human trials,
   which came later, ENZO noted that the antisense genes get into 100% of the true Human Hematopoietic
   Stem Cells. After these cells are "transduced", they are placed in culture. Now comes the acid test.
   ENZO placed live HIV (Human Immuno-Virus) into the many cultures they had created. ENZO observed
   the results over a period of time. After 26 days the following events happened. ENZO saw, 100% of the
   time, HIV completely disappeared outside the cells. They repeated this test again and again and in fact,
   completely re-constructed the entire testing, start to finish. Over and over, through two independent
   pre-clinical trials, ENZO eliminated 100% of the HIV from within the containers holding the cell cultures.
   The cells survived. Even after repeated introduction of HIV. Better still, ENZO looked inside the cells. No
   HIV. Not one copy. 100% elimination. They tried all "clades" of HIV-1, which is North American HIV.
   Clades are mutations within a strain. The system continued to work 100%. There are several things you
   need to understand about these results. First, the count of HIV individual viable virus' applied to the cells
   would number in the many trillions. If there were any potential to mutate, HIV would still be detectable. It
   was not. HIV is placed into its favorite feeding ground (the human blood cell), under its favorite conditions
   and it died to the last. HIV-2, which is Hatian strain, was also tested. Same results. Now comes the
   impressive part. Remember about ENZO developing specific systems? ENZO developed a molecular
   probe, so sensitive, it can detect the presence of ONE target molecule in a given sample. Nothing can be
   more accurate than that. ENZO developed this probe, because they wanted to be sure they could stop
   HIV from mutating. Mutation is HIV's number 1 hallmark and the very reason it alludes classical drug
   therapeutics. Mutation makes HIV what it is. The single greatest threat to humanity since the dawn of
   man (well, maybe it is second to man himself, but lets take it on faith). To be completely sure HIV had
   not mutated, ENZO used several tools. First, the cultures are maintained in perpetuity. If HIV does mutate
   and escapes detection, it will make its presence known by killing the cells in culture. Second, ENZO
   used standard off the shelf tests for the presence of HIV. Lastly, they used their perfect probe. It cannot
   fail and certainly not repeated, rigorous testing.

   *When an ENZO treated cell makes a copy of itself, the antisense genes also make a copy. The progeny
   of the parent cell, continue to exhibit all traits, as aforementioned. If this is not important, I do not know
   what else could be. Repairing damaged organs will depend heavily on this issue. Treating an entire organ
   is not enough. A damaged organ must repair itself and the new cells that repair the damage must resist
   the threat which caused the damage in the first place. The human immune system is an organ. It does
   self re-generate. It cannot self re-generate in the presence of HIV, not in perpetuity. Even with the help of
   Protease Inhibitors, in the end, the virus wins its battle. Until now.

   *People have stated that ENZO only discussed one or two patients at the Retrovirus Conference. On
   paper, this is correct. They showed only one set of data to prove the abstract. However, Dr. Engelhardt
   was specifically cited as saying "the other patients are tracking in similar fashion" so in that sense, all 8
   were discussed. I personally confirmed this with ENZO. Additionally, it is important to understand that
   each patient was likely started at a different time frame, so their data is different. Furthermore, ENZO
   sought only to prove its abstract, nothing more. ENZO is not foolish and will not tip off its competitors as
   to how far advanced it may actually be. There are no dates on the data provided. It is very likely, the date
   associated with the data given is October 1998 through January 1999. I cannot confirm this, but I believe it
   may be correct. Dr. Engelhardt also gave another tip>"the system and the delivery dose will remain the
   same in Phase II, no proposed changes will be made". I think this clarifies an important point. If it only
   worked in one patient, why make such a statement? Why apply for Phase II, which ENZO's press
   releases have clearly and concisely confirmed? The FDA would never approve a system that only worked
   in one patient or has inconclusive results. ENZO would have expanded the Phase I if there were
   inconsistencies, and they would have told their shareholders. Instead, they tell us "everything is going as
   planned or better than planned". It is the unwise decision of certain people to state "ENZO has not seen
   XXX" when they really do not know, and ENZO is not divulging what it has seen, Carte Blanche.

   The FACTS should be a bit clearer now. A call to Barry is highly suggested and highly warranted. Then
   and only then, you will see that ENZO has done the things I have stated and they have not talked about
   some of the "negative conclusions" others have haphazardly reached. Instead, ENZO has given clues.
   They are forced to so this, in my opinion, to appease the FDA who is reviewing the data. Frankly, even if
   the Patients were completely cured, ENZO cannot go but so far in their press releases. You cannot
   overstep the authority of a regulatory body, like the FDA. They are ENZO's partner and they are a peer
   review of highest authority. ENZO is being a good partner and awaiting the FDA's approval. Frankly, there
   is far more evidence here pointing to enormous success, rather than the "long road ahead" theory most
   people want to believe. ENZO's competitors are counting on a long road, the longer the better. But here is
   the problem.

   If the treated cells survive and when removed from a patient and probed, many months later, they show
   that HIV is not inside, as it should be, are they not working perfectly, as intended? Who then makes the
   call as to how long such a "therapy of the cell" can be withheld from the public? The FDA makes this
   decision. However, the U.S. Congress put into place a statute, in November of 1998, which reads "if a
   drug is determined to be effective against a chronic disease for which there is no cure, even in the face of
   toxicity, this drug shall be released within 60 days from notation of efficacy". The FDA is faced with a
   grueling decision. ENZO can save dying cells from certain destruction. The effect is IMMEDIATELY
   MEASURABLE in the living patient. If the cells survive more than 90 days, everyone knows that the true
   stem cells were given the gift of perpetual immunity to HIV, because the major components of the
   immune system, only last 90 days. At day 120, cells which are surviving and which bear the antisense
   genes (distinguishing them clearly from the untreated cells), prove many things. Now, think back to the
   one thing I asked you to remember...the immune system instantaneously maps out its targets and
   efficiently attacks them. Why are ENZO's treated cells surviving 120, 150, 180, 210 days or more, inside
   the patients? Because the immune system is accepting these cells. What is the HIV count inside these
   cells? ENZO has not spoken of this yet, as to the cells removed from a patient. But they have proven
   conclusively, at Cornell, the cells will not have HIV in them.

   I think the FDA needs to look at the treated cells, after they have been inside the HIV+ patient. I think the
   issue here is the truth behind AIDs. AIDs is a condition reached when the immune system collapses
   under the effect of HIV. If the FDA waits years, to see hundreds of people in an expanded ENZO trial NOT
   FALL INTO AN AIDS CONDITION, as they statistically should have or would have, they are wasting
   valuable time, in my opinion. The impervious cell, taken first from an HIV+ patient and replaced within the
   patient is the therapy. The outcome is hopefully, a slow transition between the old immune system and a
   new "seed" placed by ENZO. In time HIV may completely disappear. Not directly because of the ENZO
   treated cells, but because the immune system will survive in the presence of HIV. The immune system is
   effective at combating HIV with other tools nature has provided. It is normally the failure of these tools,
   after many years of fighting HIV, that leads to AIDs. But the ENZO edge is the edge the immune system
   needs to beat the virus. I think the virus will fall to ENZO, 100%. But I think the issue here is that ENZO
   can take immune cells from ANY HIV+ PATIENT, treat them, replace them, wait 120 days and remove a
   few to demonstrate that the cells are not harboring HIV as all untreated cells would. This ties directly to
   the molecular mechanics of HGTV-43, ENZO's therapeutic. It stops HIV from replicating, 100%. It stops
   HIV from Mutating 100%. These are facts. If it is a fact that ENZO can do this for any patient, right now,
   and the treated cells last, do not make copies of HIV and do not cause any side effect, why not slowly
   and carefully release this product? What is not to like? Last point, Dr. Engelhardt also commented at
   ENZO's Annual Shareholder's Meeting on January 15, 2000, Protease Inhibitors appear to be perfectly
   compatible with the presence of HGTV-43 in the patients. The FDA probably wants lots of time to see if
   something undesirable happens. How long should they wait?

   Quite a story here. I think the FDA needs to act responsibly. The disease is one of the cell, not the body.
   The loss of the immune system is AIDs. ENZO can demonstrate something that reverses the outcome.
   No, it has not been proven over the course of years nor do I suspect that an immune system has been
   completely replaced. But the cells are the key. The cells tell the story. Remove a few and probe them. No
   HIV? FDA must act. That is my opinion and it is an informed one. What is yours?

   At least now, you see quite a bit more of the truth. When you call Barry, you will know what to ask him.

   Sincerely,

   Larry Glaser